Retrospective study on the treatment of phalanx fractures with absorbable materials / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of absorbable material internal fixation in the treatment of phalanx fracture and its effect on the complications related to hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and foreign body reaction.Methods:The clinical data of 98 patients with phalangeal fracture in Huishan District People′s Hospital of Wuxi City from January 2018 to January 2020 were divided into absorbable group (49 cases, treated with absorbable material internal fixation) and microplate group (49 cases, treated with minimally invasive plate internal fixation). The rates of excellent and good treatment, operation conditions, serum inflammatory stress response indexes levels before and 1 d and 1 week after surgery were compared, and recovery at 3 and 6 months after surgery, the incidence of complications and the degree of treatment satisfaction were counted.Results:The rates of excellent and good treatmentin the absorbable group were higher than that in the micro plate group: 95.92%(47/49) vs. 81.63%(40/49), χ2 = 5.02, P<0.05. The duration of operation in the absorbable group was longer than that in the microplate group: (43.28 ± 12.18) min vs. (31.29 ± 11.69) min; and the duration of hospital stay, fracture healing time and recovery time were shorter than those in the microplate group: (4.09 ± 1.18) d vs. (6.89 ± 2.12) d, (4.35 ± 1.05) weeks vs. (5.69 ± 1.38) weeks, (4.89 ± 1.10) d vs. (6.20 ± 2.01) d; the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of serum hs-CRP, IL-10 and ACTH in absorbable group were lower than those in microplate group at 1 d and 1 week after surgery ( P<0.05). At 3 and 6 months after surgery, the range of motion of metacarpophalangeal joint in the absorbable group was greater than that in the microplate group, and the loss of grip strength of the healthy side was less than that in the microplate group ( P<0.05). The incidence of complications in absorbable group was lower than that in microplate group: 6.12%(3/49) vs. 20.41%(10/49), χ2 = 4.35, P<0.05. Conclusions:The absorbable material internal fixation can achieve good results in the treatment of phalanx fracture, the postoperative recovery is fast, the incidence of complications is lower.

Momificación natural de falanges como consecuencia de meningococemia fulminante. A propósito de un caso / Natural mummification of phalanges as a consequence of fulminant meningococcemia. About a case

Fundamento: Las infecciones del sistema nervioso central constituyen una importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad neurológica. La púrpura fulminante o meningococemia es una enfermedad grave que evoluciona a severas complicaciones y secuelas, sin embargo, es infrecuente que ocurra momificación o amputación natural de los dedos de las manos y los pies. Objetivo: Describir el caso de un paciente con meningococemia fulminante, al cual se le momificaron de manera natural las falanges de las manos y los pies como consecuencia de la enfermedad. Presentación del caso: Se presenta un paciente de 18 años de edad que fue diagnosticado con meningococemia. Clínicamente presentó fiebre, cefalea intensa, lesiones purpúrico hemorrágicas, petequias y hematomas en piel, evolutivamente shock séptico y disfunción múltiple de órganos. Posterior a 16 días de estadía en sala egresó vivo del hospital, pero con secuelas caracterizadas por momificación de las falanges de las manos y los pies. Conclusiones: La meningococemia es una enfermedad aguda, potencialmente mortal y se reporta mayormente en la edad pediátrica. Entre los sobrevivientes es infrecuente que ocurra la momificación de las falanges de las manos y los pies, como ocurrió en el caso reportado.

Background: Infections of the central nervous system are a significant cause of neurological morbidity and mortality. Purpura fulminans or meningococcemia is a serious disease that evolves into severe complications and sequelae, however it is infrequent for mummification or natural amputation of fingers and toes to occur. Objective: To describe the case of a patient with fulminant meningococcemia, in whom hands and feet phalanges were naturally mummified as a consequence of the disease. Case report: An 18-year-old patient diagnosed with meningococcemia is presented. Clinically, he presented fever, intense headache, purpuric hemorrhagic lesions, petechiae and bruises on the skin, progressively septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction. After 16 days in hospital, he was discharged alive, but with some sequelae characterized by mummification of the hands and feet phalanges. Conclusions: Meningococcemia is an acute, life-threatening disease and is mostly reported in the pediatric age. Mummification of the hands and feet phalanges is uncommon among survivors, as occurred in the reported case.

Micro-locking plate external fixation for the treatment of proximal phalanx comminuted fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical efficacy of external placement of micro-locking plate combined with small incision reduction in treating proximal phalanx comminuted fractures.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to December 2019, 17 patients with proximal phalanx comminuted fractures were treated with micro-locking plate combined with small incision open reduction, including 13 males and 4 females, aged from 16 to 64 years old with an average of (37.2±20.1) years old. Two patients were accompanied by soft tissue extrusion and opening injuries, which were treated with fixed treatment after the first-stage emergency debridement. Curative effect was evaluated according to total active flexion scale (TAFS) of American Hand Surgery Association at 6 months after operation;and fracture healing, nailing, local soft tissue healing, complications were observed.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up from 6 to 12 months with an avaerge of(9.3±3.6) months. Two patients occurred delayed union, 1 occurred local skin necrosis and was treated with the second-stage skin grafting to repair wound surface. No external screw breakage or infection was reported, skin soft tissue healed favorably and reached bony union, the union time from 12 to 24 weeks with an average of (15.7±2.1) weeks. According to TAFS standard, 9 patients got excellent result, 5 good and 3 poor at 6 months after operation.@*CONCLUSION@#External micro-locking plate combined with small incision reduction in treating proximal phalanx comminuted fracture, which has advantages of good condition of skin and soft tissue, simple operation, early functional exercise, good range of motion of interphalanx joint, and function score of recovery period is high.

Florid Reactive Periostitis of the Proximal Phalanx-Case Report and Literature Review / Periostite reativa florida da falange proximal - relato de caso e revisão de literatura

Abstract Florid reactive periostitis is a benign andrare lesion that is a recurrent diagnostic problem. Its etiopathogenesis remains unknown. Florid reactive periostitis consists of a fibrotic, cartilage- producing tumor accompanied by an aggressive inflammatory periosteal and soft tissue reaction. It typically occurs in adolescents and young adults, mostly female; it often affects hand and foot bones, and it may occur in long bones. Its diagnosis remains a major challenge due to the vast possibility of differential diagnoses. Therefore, careful clinical, radiological, and pathological evaluation is required to establish a proper diagnosis. We report the case of a patientwith florid reactive periostitis in the proximal phalanx of the right index finger, who underwent surgical excision with a wide margin, from the second ray to the proximal third of the secondmetacarpal bone, and evolved without complications,with satisfactory range of motion and strength.

Resumo A periostite reativa florida éumalesão benigna e rara que constitui umproblema recorrente de diagnóstico. Sua etiopatogênese permanece desconhecida. A periostite reativa florida caracteriza- se por ser uma reação periosteal agressiva e inflamatória de tecido mole e por ser um tumor portador de fibrose e produtor de cartilagem. Ocorreemadolescentes e adultos jovens, com predomínio no sexo feminino, e acomete com frequência os ossos das mãos e pés, podendoacometer tambémossos longos.Odiagnósticopermaneceumgrandedesafiodevido à enorme possibilidade de diagnósticos diferenciais. Por isso, uma cuidadosa avaliação clínica, radiológica e patológica é necessária para fechar o diagnóstico. Relata-se o caso de umpaciente com periostite reativa florida na falange proximal do segundo dedo da mão direita, que foi submetida à excisão cirúrgica com margem ampla do segundo raio até o terço proximal do segundometacarpo, e evoluiu semqueixas, comamplitude demovimento e força satisfatória.

Different mini skin flaps in repairing finger soft tissue with bone defect / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore surgical methods and clinical effects of three different types of mini skin flap transplantation for repairing finger soft tissue with bone defect.@*METHODS@#Thirty-three patients with finger soft tissue or bone defect were treated from December 2014 to October 2016, including 24 males and 9 females aged from 21 to 52 years old with an average of (36.42±5.70) years old, and soft tissue defect area ranged from 1.3 cm×1.8 cm to 2.3 cm×4.2 cm. According to damage degree, nature and patients' options, 15 finger of 15 cases were adopted retrograde dorsal metacarpal artery perforators fascia flap, 10 fingers of 9 cases were treated with free foot artery descending branch wrist skin flap, 9 fingers of 9 cases were treated with free the second toe details phalanges compound flap. Survival rate, postoperative complications and finger function assessed by Dargan functional criteria at the latest follow up were observed.@*RESULTS@#All flaps were survived, both of donor site and recipient site were without deep infected. The donor site of one patient occurred necrotic, and the distal donor site of one patient occurred surface necrotic, then healed by active dressing change. All patients were followed up from 6 to 16 months with an average of(8.34±1.28) months. Two points of finger recognition were restored between 8 and 12 mm with an average of (8.84±0.43) mm, and the appearance, texture and sensory functions of skin flap were restored. No obvious complications were observed on the donor site. According to Dargan function evaluation of finger joints, 18 patients got excellent results, 14 moderate and 1 good.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Three kinds of mini skin flap could receive good results in repairing soft tissue of finger or bone defect. Reverse dorsal metacarpal artery perforator fascia flap is not necessary with anastomosing blood vessels and has advantages of safe, simple and high survival rate. Descending branch of superior cutaneous branch of free ulnar artery could cut multiple other perforator flaps simultaneously, and the scar is small and hidden. Dissociated the second toe combined metatarsal phalangeal flap could repair shape and function of finger to the maximum extent and donor site is hidden.

Effect of microplate internal fixation combined with upper limb washing in the treatment of proximal phalanx fractures / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the effect of micro steel plate internal fixation combined with traditional Chinese medicine medicated bath in the treatment of proximal phalanx fractures.Methods From January 2012 to December 2012,100 patients with proximal phalanx fracture in Ningbo Mingzhou Hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group,according to the digital table,with 50 cases in each group.The control group was treated by simple miniature steel plate internal fixation,the observation group was treated by microplate internal fixation combined with traditional Chinese medicine medicated bath.The clinical treatment effect was compared between the two groups.Results The hospitalization time and fracture healing time in the observation group were (8.35 ± 1.62)d and (49.35 ±3.85) d,respectively,which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(8.95 ± 1.48) d,(57.82 ± 6.12) d],the differences were statistically significant (t =5.032,6.114,all P ＜ 0.05).The postoperative total active flexion degree and incidence rate of adverse reactions of the observation group (16.00％)was lower than that in control group (34.00％),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =18.485,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Microplate internal fixation combined with traditional Chinese medicine medicated bath in the treatment of proximal phalanx fractures has better treatment effect,and it has shorter treatment time and less complications.

Effect of microplate internal fixation combined with upper limb washing in the treatment of proximal phalanx fractures / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To investigate the effect of micro steel plate internal fixation combined with traditional Chinese medicine medicated bath in the treatment of proximal phalanx fractures.@*Methods@#From January 2012 to December 2012, 100 patients with proximal phalanx fracture in Ningbo Mingzhou Hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group, according to the digital table, with 50 cases in each group.The control group was treated by simple miniature steel plate internal fixation, the observation group was treated by microplate internal fixation combined with traditional Chinese medicine medicated bath.The clinical treatment effect was compared between the two groups.@*Results@#The hospitalization time and fracture healing time in the observation group were (8.35±1.62)d and (49.35±3.85)d, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(8.95±1.48)d, (57.82±6.12)d], the differences were statistically significant (t=5.032, 6.114, all P<0.05). The postoperative total active flexion degree and incidence rate of adverse reactions of the observation group (16.00%) was lower than that in control group (34.00%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=18.485, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Microplate internal fixation combined with traditional Chinese medicine medicated bath in the treatment of proximal phalanx fractures has better treatment effect, and it has shorter treatment time and less complications.

Hand Fractures

Hand fractures are the second most common fracture in the upper extremities after the distal radius, and patients with these injuries may be experienced in hand surgery clinics. On the other hand, during the treatment of hand fractures, complications can occur due to complex functions of the hand and small-sized injuries to the bone and soft tissues. This review focused on the principles of management of these fractures, including injury mechanism, evaluations and recent treatment options. Minimally invasive surgery in various types of hand fractures, including the phalanx and metacarpal bone, is preferred because early mobilization after surgery has been emphasized to reduce complications, such as stiffness.

Ultrasound-guided minimal invasive fixation for metacarpus and phalange fractures / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To explore value of high-frequency ultrasound-guided minimally invasive fixation treatment for metacarpus and phalange fractures.Methods Totally 26 patients of acute metacarpus and phalange fractures were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group (each n =13).The patients in experimental group underwent ultrasound-guided closed reduction,while in control group underwent C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy-guided reduction.Then the patients in two groups were followed up,and the curative effect of both methods were observed.Results The successful rate of closed reduction was 76.92％ (10/13) in experimental group,while was 84.62％ (11/13) in control group (x2=0,P=1.00).C-arm fluoroscopy was performed (0.62±1.19) times in experimental group,and (3.46±0.78) times in control group (t=-7.21,P＜0.01).The average healing time of fracture was (5.45±0.64) weeks in experimental group and (5.71±0.78) weeks in control group.The excellent and good rate of total active motion (TAM) was 84.62％ (11/13) in experimental group and 92.31％ (12/13) in control group,respectively.The average grip strength was (32.22±2.44) kg in experimental group,and (34.11±2.74) kg in control group (all P＞0.05).Conclusion High frequency ultrasound-guided minimally invasive fixation is reliable in treatment of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures,which can significantly reduce X-ray radiation.

Comparison of the clinical curative effect between dynamic external fixator and hand orthosis in patients with middle phalanx pars basilaris fracture / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical curative effect between dynamic external fixator (DEF) and hand orthosis (HO) in patients with middle phalanx pars basilaris fracture. Methods A total of 143 patients with middle phalanx pars basilaris fracture were selected from January 2015 to April 2016. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the patients′select: DEF group (83 cases) and HO group (60 cases). The patients in DEF group were treated with DEF fixation under local nerve block anesthesia of digital root, and the patients in HO group were treated with HO fixation after manual repositioning. The fracture healing time and complications were observed. All patients were functionally trained and evaluated by total active motion (TAM). Results The patients were followed up for 8 to 16 weeks, with an average of 12 weeks. There was no statistical difference in fracture healing time between 2 groups (P＞0.05). All patients had postoperative pain, but the incidence of postoperative pain after removing DEF or HO in DEF group was significantly lower than that in HO group: 26.51% (22/83) vs. 46.67% (28/60), and there was statistical difference (P＜0.05). No redislocation or subluxation occurred after removal of external fixation in 2 groups. X-ray follow-up showed that the incidences of mild traumatic osteoarthritis, mild angulation deformity and mild lateral instability in DEF group were significantly lower than those in HO group: 6.02% (5/83) vs. 23.33% (14/60), 3.61% (3/83) vs. 33.33% (20/60) and 1.20% (1/83) vs. 26.67% (16/60), and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). The excellent and good rate of TAM in DEF group was significantly higher than that in HO group: 83.13% (69/83) vs. 63.33% (38/60), and there was statistical difference (χ2=7.25, P＜0.01). Conclusions The clinical curative effect of DEF fixation is better than HO fixation in patients with middle phalanx pars basilaris fracture.

Massa óssea por ultrassonografia quantitativa de falanges em jovens praticantes de karatê / Bone mass by quantitative ultrasound of finger phalanges in young karate practitioners

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a massa óssea pela ultrassonografia quantitativa de falanges em jovens praticantes de karatê em relação a um grupo controle. Métodos: Amostra constituída por 162 praticantes de karatê (52 meninas) e 326 controles escolares (110 meninas) saudáveis, de 6 a 16 anos de idade, do oeste do Paraná. Foram avaliados peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS) e Bone Time Transmission (BTT), e os valores de IMC, AD-SoS e BTT transformados em escore Z. Aplicaram-se testes de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher e regressão linear múltipla, sendo significante p≤0,05. Resultados: Para ambos os sexos, os praticantes de karatê apresentaram valores superiores do escore Z do BTT comparados aos controles. Quanto à AD-SoS, as meninas do grupo de controle apresentaram valor absoluto e de escore Z superiores aos apresentados pelas praticantes de karatê do mesmo sexo. Ao avaliar a frequência relativa e absoluta de acordo com o escore Z do BTT em ambos os grupos, os meninos praticantes de karatê apresentaram maior frequência de massa óssea adequada. Nas meninas praticantes de karatê, a idade apresentou poder de explicação de 42% na variação da AD-SoS e o peso de 45% na variação do BTT. Nos meninos praticantes de karatê, a idade apresentou poder de explicação de 26% na variação da AD-SoS e a estatura 36% na variação do BTT. Conclusões: Nesse grupo de crianças e adolescentes, independentemente do sexo, os praticantes de karatê apresentaram maior massa óssea em relação ao grupo controle, sendo o BTT mais sensível para essa avaliação.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate bone mass by quantitative ultrasound of the phalanges in young karate practitioners compared to a control group. Methods: Sample composed of 162 karate practitioners (52 females) and 326 healthy controls (110 females) aged 6 to 16 years old, in Western Paraná (Southern Brazil). Weight, height, BMI, amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SoS) and bone transmission time (BTT) were evaluated. BMI, AD-SoS and BTT values were converted to Z scores. Mann-Whitney, chi-square or Fisher Exact tests and multiple linear regression were applied, with significance level set at p≤0.05. Results: Both genders showed higher values of BTT as Z scores when compared to control group. Females from the control group had higher AD-SoS values (m/s and Z score) compared to female karate practitioners. When relative and absolute frequencies were assessed according to BTT Z score in both groups, male karate practitioners' bone mass was shown to be adequate more frequently. In female practitioners, age and weight were independent predictors of AD-SoS (R2=0.42) and BTT (R2=0.45), respectively. Among male karate practitioners, age was related to 26% of AD-SoS variances and height was responsible for 36% of BTT variances. Conclusions: Children and adolescents who practice karate were shown to have more bone mass in comparison to the control group, regardless of gender. BTT was more sensitive for this evaluation.

Polypropylene prosthesis for the treatment of fingertip injuries. Description of surgical technique and results / Uso da prótese de polipropileno para o tratamento das lesões em ponta de dedo. Descrição de técnica cirúrgica e resultados

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Report the results of treatment of fingertip injuries and describe this reproducible and low cost surgical technique, which utilizes a polypropylene prosthesis that temporarily replaces the nail and is placed on the area of injury, providing protection and encouragement for healing by secondary intention. METHOD: This study evaluated 22 patients with traumatic injuries of the fingertips in the period from January 2012 to December 2015. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon. The mean postoperative follow-up was 13 months, with a minimum follow-up of six months. For all statistical inferences, a p-value of 0.05 was considered. The software used was SPSS version 21.0 for Windows. RESULTS: There were no cases of complications related to the polypropylene device. There was no significant difference between static two-point discrimination and age, between discrimination and time between injury and surgery, or between discrimination and time to follow-up. The authors used a table of scores that includes three factors proposed by Jefferson for a better evaluation of the results. 72.7% (16 cases) of patients had good results, 22.7% (five cases) fair results, and only 4.5% (one case) poor result. CONCLUSION: This study presented a new technique for finger tip lesions, simple and easily reproducible, with satisfactory results and low complication rates.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Relatar os resultados do tratamento das lesões de ponta de dedo, bem como descrever a técnica cirúrgica, reprodutível e de baixo custo, que usa uma prótese de polipropileno que substitui temporariamente a unha e é colocada sobre a área da lesão, promove proteção e estímulo para a sua cicatrização por segunda intenção. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 22 pacientes portadores de lesões traumáticas da polpa digital de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2015. Todos os procedimentos foram feitos pelo mesmo cirurgião. O tempo médio de seguimento pós-operatório foi de 13 meses, com um seguimento mínimo de seis meses. Para toda a inferência estatística, considerou-se um valor de p de 0,05. O software usado foi o SPSS for Windows, versão 21.0. RESULTADOS: Não foi observado caso de complicação referente ao dispositivo de polipropileno. Não foi observada diferença estatística significante entre sensibilidade estática entre dois pontos (DE2P) e idade, entre sensibilidade e tempo entre lesão e data da cirurgia nem entre sensibilidade e tempo de seguimento. Adotou-se uma tabela de escores que incluiu três fatores propostos por Jefferson para melhor avaliação dos resultados; 72,7% (16 casos) dos pacientes tiveram resultados bons, 22,7% (cinco) regulares e apenas 4,5% (um) apresentou resultado ruim. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo apresentou uma nova técnica, simples e facilmente reprodutível, para as lesões das pontas de dedos com resultados satisfatórios e baixa taxa de complicações.

Cambios radiográficos en el penacho de la falange distal de las manos en pacientes con psoriasis o artritis psoriásica. Revisión sistemática / Radiographic changes in the distal phalanx tuft of the hands in subjects with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis. Systematic review

Resumen Introducción. El penacho de la falange distal de las manos (PFDM) es una estructura ósea que sufre cambios sutiles en diversas enfermedades musculoesqueléticas. Hasta el momento, se desconoce el tipo y frecuencia de las lesiones del PFDM en psoriasis y artritis psoriásica (APs). Objetivo. Determinar en radiografía simple las anormalidades del PFDM en adultos con psoriasis y APs. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática buscando alteraciones radiográficas del PFDM en adultos con psoriasis y APs. La prevalencia de los hallazgos fue sintetizada usando un modelo de efectos fijos. Las asociaciones se expresaron como odds ratio (OR) con intervalos de confianza (IC) y valores p. Resultados. Se incluyeron 11 estudios observacionales. La alteración de mayor frecuencia en APs fue la resorción del PFDM con una prevalencia del 16%. El compromiso del PFDM en sujetos con onicopatía psoriásica fue mayor que en sujetos sin compromiso ungueal (OR=2.91; IC95%: 1.04-8.13; p=0.04), siendo las erosiones y la esclerosis los hallazgos de mayor importancia. Conclusión. La evidencia actual acerca del compromiso del PFDM en APs y psoriasis es limitada. Existe relación entre las alteraciones del PFDM y la patología ungueal en donde las erosiones y la esclerosis son las anormalidades más significativas.

Abstract Introduction: The distal phalanx tuft of the hand (DPTH) is a bone structure that undergoes subtle changes in various musculoskeletal diseases. To date, the type and frequency of DPTH injuries involved in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are unknown. Objective: To determine the abnormal findings related to DPTH through plain X-rays in adult subjects with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Materials and methods: A systematic review of radiographic alterations of the DPTH detected in plain hand radiographs was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. The prevalence of findings was summarized using a fixed effects model. Statistical associations were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with confidence intervals (CI) and p values. Results: Eleven observational studies were included. The most frequent alteration in PsA was DPTH resorption with a prevalence of 16%. The involvement of DPTH in subjects with psoriatic onicopathy was higher than in subjects without ungueal affectation (OR=2.91, 95%CI: 1.04-8.13; p=0.04), being erosions and sclerosis the most important findings. Conclusion: Current evidence regarding DPTH involvement in PsA and psoriasis is limited. However, an apparent correlation between DPTH findings and ungual abnormalities could exist, where erosions and sclerosis are the most significant abnormalities.

Cambios radiográficos del penacho de la falange distal de las manos, en pacientes con artritis reumatoide. Revisión sistemática / Radiographic changes in the distal phalanx tuft of the hands in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. Systematic review

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar en radiografía simple los hallazgos anormales del penacho de la falange distal de los dedos de la mano (PFDM) asociados a la artritis reumatoide (AR) en adultos. Métodos: Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática siguiendo los parámetros de las guías PRISMA en las bases de datos: Medline, Embase, Bireme, Scielo, Google Scholar, entre otras, incluyendo como resultados primarios las alteraciones del PFDM (erosiones, resorción, esclerosis y proliferación) detectadas por radiografía simple en adultos con AR. La prevalencia de los hallazgos radiográficos fue sintetizada usando el modelo de efectos fijos de Mantel-Haenszel. Las asociaciones estadísticas (según el tipo de estudio) se expresaron en términos de riesgo relativo (RR) u odds ratio (OR), con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza y valores p. Resultados: Nueve estudios observacionales fueron incluidos; la prevalencia de esclerosis del PFDM fue del 28,3% (IC 95%: 0,23-0,34; p< 0,001), y un valor I2 = 75%. De otro lado, la prevalencia de resorción del PFDM fue del 1,8% (IC 95%: 0,006-0,05; p < 0,001), con un I2 = 0%. Ningún estudio reportó proliferación o erosiones del PFDM. Conclusiones: La esclerosis del PFDM es la alteración radiográfica más frecuente de esta zona en pacientes con AR, sin embargo, no constituye un hallazgo patognomónico de esta entidad, por tanto, nuevos estudios con mayor solidez metodológica son necesarios para esclarecer esta asociación. Finalmente, la proliferación, erosiones o resorción del PFDM no son lesiones radiográficas típicas de individuos con AR.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the abnormal findings in the distal phalanx tuft of the hands (DPTH) in plain radiographs associated with the presence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults subjects. Methods: A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines using databases, such as, Medline, Embase, Bireme, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The main changes in the DPTH included erosion, resorption, sclerosis, and proliferation detected on plain radiographs in adults with RA. Prevalence of radiographic findings was analysed using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects model. Statistical associations (according to study type) were expressed as relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) with their respective confidence intervals (CI) and p values. Results: A total of 9 studies were included, in which sclerosis prevalence in the DPTH was 28.3% (95% CI: 0.23-0.34; P<.001, and I2 value = 75%). Resorption prevalence in the DPTH was 1.8% (95% CI: 0.006-0.05; P<.001, and I2 value = 0%). No study reported proliferation or erosions in DPTH. Conclusion: Sclerosis in the DPTH is the most frequent radiographic alteration in patients with RA. However, it cannot be considered a pathognomonic finding of that condition, the-refore new studies with a more solid methodological structure are needed to clarify this association. Finally, proliferation, erosion or resorption on the DPTH are not typical radiographic findings in subjects with RA.

Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath: a rare periungual location simulating myxoid cyst

ABSTRACT Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath is a benign soft tissue tumor most frequent between the third and fifth decades of life. It can mimic and make differential diagnoses with several hand tumors. Definitive diagnosis and the treatment of choice are reached with complete resection and histopathological examination. Here we describe a case with clinical presentation similar to that of a myxoid cyst.

Surgical Treatment of Metacarpal and Phalangeal Fracture with Rotational Malalignment

PURPOSE: Hand fractures can be treated conservatively in many cases, but rotation malalignment is one of the important indications for surgical treatment because of dysfunction. We performed open reduction and internal fixation in these malalignment fractures and report clinical and radiological results. METHODS: This study included 28 patients (18 male, 10 female) who had metacarpal and phalangeal fractures with rotational malalignment of finger on initial examination. Patients with combined injuries including open soft tissue damage or multiple fractures were excluded. Mean age was 36.1 years and average follow-up period was 14.6 months. Perioperative extent of rotation and correction during the follow-up, union on the radiographs, Range of motion, disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score, and pinch power at the last follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: Average corrected angulation of rotation was 11.9° and no patient showed scissoring appearance of fingers at the last follow-up. All patients showed solid bony union on the radiographs during the follow-up. The average of total active motion of the injured fingers were average 254°, average DASH score was 3.2 and average pinch power was 3.0 kg at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Clinical and radiologically satisfactory results were obtained in all patients. Care should be taken not to overlook the rotational misalignment after fracture of the hand, and surgical treatment should be considered to ensure correct reduction and fixation.

Osteosynthesis of mallet finger using plate and screws: evaluation of 25 patients / Osteossíntese do dedo em martelo com placa e parafuso: avaliação de 25 pacientes

To evaluate the results from surgical treatment of patients with mallet finger injury using a hook plate and screw. METHODS: Twenty-five patients (19 males and six females) between the ages of 20 and 35 years were analyzed between May 2008 and December 2012. They were evaluated in accordance with Crawford's criteria and the mean follow-up was 18 months. RESULTS: The results from 10 patients (40%) were excellent and from 15 (60%), good. Twenty-one patients (84%) reported no pain, 18 months after the operation. There was no limitation to range of motion in 14 cases (56%), limitation of extension in seven (28%) and limitation of flexion in four (16%). CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment by means of open reduction and internal fixation using a hook plate and screw proved to be an excellent option for treating mallet finger fractures and was considered to be a safe and effective method.

Avaliar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com lesão de dedo em martelo com o uso de placa-gancho e parafuso. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 25 pacientes entre 20 e 35 anos, 19 do sexo masculino e seis do feminino, de maio de 2008 a dezembro de 2012. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação de acordo com os critérios de Crawford e o acompanhamento médio foi de 18 meses. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos foram excelentes em 10 pacientes (40%) e bons em 15 (60%); 21 pacientes (84%) não referiram dor no 18° mês de pós-operatório. Foi verificada ausência de limitação da amplitude de movimento em 14 casos (56%), limitação da extensão em sete (28%) e limitação da flexão em quatro (16%). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico com redução aberta e fixação interna com placa-gancho e parafuso demonstrou ser uma ótima opção de tratamento nas fraturas em martelo e é considerado um método seguro e eficaz.

Caso Clínico: Amputación Traumática, Manejo Conservador con Vendaje Suboclusivo. / Case Report: Traumatic Amputation, Conservative Treatment with Occlusive Bandage

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las lesiones de punta de dedo figuran entre las lesiones caseras y laborales más habituales de la extremidad superior y constituyen una causa frecuente de visita al servicio de urgencias. Por lo tanto es crucial implementar pautas de tratamiento factibles y oportunas que permitan definir un manejo inicial de la patología con buenos resultados a largo plazo. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de sexo masculino de 26 años de edad sin antecedentes patológicos de importancia, que acudió al Servicio de Emergencias por sufrir un trauma por aplastamiento en la falange distal del tercer dedo de la mano derecha. Al examen físico: se evidenció lesión en pulpejo de tercer dedo de mano derecha con exposición ósea, pérdida de piel y tejido celular subcutáneo y compromiso del lecho ungueal menor al 50%, que correspondió a la zona II de Allen. Se realizó manejo conservador con vendaje suboclusivo. EVOLUCIÓN: El paciente permaneció con vendaje suboclusivo durante 6 semanas, evidenciándose posteriormente cicatrización adecuada con recuperación de piel y uña; recuperó los arcos de movilidad interfalángicos proximales y distales, no presentó alteración sensorial como intolerancia al frio ni neuralgia posterior; el resultado estético fue satisfactorio. CONCLUSIÓN: El tratamiento conservador de las amputaciones de punta de dedo con exposición ósea es una opción válida de tratamiento. Los resultados indicaron que el enfoque conservador conduce a una excelente cobertura, sensibilidad normal, ausencia de dolor, piel estable, adecuado rango funcional de movimiento y un resultado estético aceptable. (au)

BACKGROUND: Fingertip injuries are very common among upper limb wounds; they are usually derived from domestic and labor activities which are a frequent reason to attend emergency departments. It is crucial to enforce feasible and timely treatment regimens which allow define an appropriate intervention with good long-term results. CASE REPORT: A 26-years old male patient with no pathological precedentes attended to emergency department because of a crushing trauma at distal phalanx of the right hand's third finger. Physical examination evidenced bone exposition at finger pad, skin and cellular tissues loss; 50% of nail bed compromised which was considered as Allen's II zone affectation. Conservative treatment with occlusive bandage was performed. EVOLUTION: The occlusive bandage was kept for 6 weeks. Appropriate wound healing with skin and nail recovery was evidenced; distal and proximal interphalangeal mobility arches were recovered. There was not a sensory disorder as intolerance to cold not even neuralgia; aesthetic results was satisfying. CONCLUSION: Conservative treatment of fingertip amputations with bone exposure is a valid choice as definitive treatment. Results showed that conservative treatment aid to an excellent coverage, normal sensitivity, absence of pain, stable skin growth, an adequate functional mobility range and acceptable aesthetic results. (au)

Treatment of the middle and proximal phalangeal fractures with lateral fixation of mini-titanium plate / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To evaluate the treatment effects of middle and proximal phalangeal fractures with lateral fixation of mini-titanium plate.Methods From December 2011 to April 2015,56 patients (64 phalanges) suffered from closed middle and proximal phalangeal fractures were treated with lateral fixation of mini-titanium plate.There were 48 males and 8 females,aged from 17 to 65 years (average,36.3 years).Fractures included 25 cases of middle phalangeal fracture and 39 cases of proximal phalangeal fracture.According to site of fracture,12 cases were middle phalangeal condyle fractur,7 cases were middle phalangeal shaft fracture,6 cases were middle phalangeal base fracture,10 cases were proximal phalangeal condyle fracture,22 cases were proximal phalangeaal shaft fracture and 7 cases were proximal phalangeal base fracture.According to the type of fracture,13 cases were transverse,9 cases were short oblique,11 cases were long oblique,6 cases were spiral and 25 cases were comminuted fracture.All phalangeal fractures were exposed by lateral approach,in which the lateral band and oblique fibers of proximal phalanx were excised to fully expose proximal phalangeal fracture.After the reduction,the fractures were fixed with mini-titanium plate laterally.The Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder and Hand (DASH)and the bilateral fingers total active motion (TAM) were employed to evaluate the functions.All patients took X ray during follow-up.Results All 56 patients were followed up from 9 to 47 months,average (14 ± 6) months.Phalangeal fractures were healed from 7 to 14 weeks,average (8.8 ± 2.4) weeks without loss of fixation or malunion.At final follow-up,DASH score were from 1.7 to 7.5,with an average of 4.8 ± 2.2.TAM of the fingers was excellent (＞ 90％ TAM of the contralateral side) in 33/64 (51.5％) cases,good (75％-90％ TAM of the contralateral side) in 30/64 (46.9％) cas es,fair (50％-75％ TAM of the contralateral side) 1/64 (1.6％) cases.Conclusion Lateral approach fully exposes middle and proximal phalangeal fractures and less interferes with the extensor mechanism.Lateral fixation with mini-titanium plate could provide stability and allow early motion.This technique may be an optional choice in clinical practice.

Fatores que influenciam a massa óssea de crianças e adolescentes saudáveis mensurada pelo ultrassom quantitativo de falanges: revisão sistemática / Factors that influence bone mass of healthy children and adolescents measured by quantitative ultrasound at the hand phalanges: a systematic review

Objetivo: Analisar quais os principais fatores que influenciam na massa óssea de crianças e adolescentes avaliada pelo ultrassom quantitativo (QUS) de falanges. Fonte de dados: Foi realizada revisão sistemática da literatura, de acordo com o método Prisma, com buscas nas bases de dados do Pubmed/Medline, Bireme e Scielo, referente ao período de 2001 a 2012, nos idiomas inglês e português, utilizando os descritores children, adolescent, ultrassonography finger phalanges, quantitative ultrasound of phalanges, phalangeal quantitative ultrasound. Síntese dos dados: Foram incluídos 21 artigos. As meninas apresentaram no QUS valores de Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS) superiores aos meninos durante o desenvolvimento puberal. Os valores dos parâmetros do QUS de falanges aumentaram com o incremento do estádio maturacional, assim como ocorre com o Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Variáveis antropométricas, como idade, peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e massa magra, demonstraram correlações positivas com os valores do QUS de falanges. A atividade física também demonstrou estar positivamente relacionada ao aumento da massa óssea. Fatores como etnia, genética, ingestão calórica e perfil socioeconômico ainda não mostraram relação conclusiva e necessitam um número maior de estudos. Conclusões: O QUS de falanges é um método indicado para avaliar a progressiva aquisição da massa óssea durante o crescimento e a maturação dos indivíduos em fase escolar, por acompanhar as alterações que ocorrem com o aumento da idade e do estádio puberal. Observouse influência positiva, principalmente das variáveis de sexo, maturação, estatura, peso e IMC, sendo seus dados semelhantes quando comparados ao método...

Objective: To analyze the main factors that influence bone mass in children and teenagers assessed by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the phalanges. Data source: A systematic literature review was performed according to the PRISMA method with searches in databases Pubmed/Medline, SciELO and Bireme for the period 2001-2012, in English and Portuguese languages, using the keywords: children, teenagers, adolescent, ultrasound finger phalanges, quantitative ultrasound of phalanges, phalangeal quantitative ultrasound. Data synthesis: 21 articles were included. Girls had, in QUS, Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS) values higher than boys during pubertal development. The values of the parameters of QUS of the phalanges and dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) increased with the increase of the maturational stage. Anthropometric variables such as age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), lean mass showed positive correlations with the values of QUS of the phalanges. Physical activity has also been shown to be positively associated with increased bone mass. Factors such as ethnicity, genetics, caloric intake and socioeconomic profile have not yet shown a conclusive relationship and need a larger number of studies. Conclusions: QUS of the phalanges is a method used to evaluate the progressive acquisition of bone mass during growth and maturation of individuals in school phase, by monitoring changes that occur with increasing age and pubertal stage. There were mainly positive influences variables of sex, maturity, height, weight and BMI, with similar data when compared to the gold standard method, the DXA...